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When the media missed the message: Benioff clarifies meaning on multiple levels

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Communications scholar Marshall McLuhan’s prescient 1964 bestseller, Understanding Media, argued that “the media is the message,” in which the technology overtakes the spoken words it transmits. In fact, the core messages can get garbled if the media can’t keep up with the intended meaning. Ironically, the media echo chamber initially misunderstood key messages from Salesforce founder Marc Benioff about the safety context of the San Francisco-based Dreamforce extravaganza, as well as the nature of the technology it was showcasing.  

To many people, the firestorm that quickly engulfed Benioff after a buzzy New York Times interview this month seems deserved—just another Big Tech CEO pusillanimously rebranding their politics to gain the favor of President Trump and seeming to endorse a declaration of martial law. A Bloomberg columnist went even further, calling the comments “more than the general bootlicking.” An AdWeek contributor declared, “Dance with politics and you often lose half the market. Sometimes all of it.” 

But those presumptions are lazy attempts to understand how a prominent figure in the Bay Area community takes responsibility for leading his company. What was a legitimate safety concern became a political drama. Such shortsightedness is not only plain wrong but also another example of how every word is weaponized in the American society of 2025. 

Benioff shows how leaders shape context and meaning

Benioff is a seasoned leader, familiar with navigating through this sort of myopic thinking. Many CEOs could have been overwhelmed by the daunting challenge of simultaneously mastering media misconceptions on multiple fronts. But instead of tripping in frustration, Benioff rose to the threefold leadership challenge of correcting a media misunderstanding, pulling off another tentpole event for his company, and contributing a major economic boost to his beloved San Francisco.

A devoted booster of San Francisco, Benioff has long been an advocate for public safety and a sponsor of increasing police protection and staffing levels. And his controversial interview was ambiguous on its face, and appears to have been parsed in a manner meant to capture headlines instead of providing the intricate truths. The key quote was about the National Guard: “We don’t have enough cops, so if they [the National Guard] can be cops, I’m all for it,” he said. This has to be understood in the context of the Trump administration sending the National Guard into several cities across the country on the pretext of an out-of-control crime wave—one that’s contradicted by most statistics. Benioff advocating for the National Guard to invade San Francisco was  construed to seem as a long-time liberal, benevolent billionaire making a heel turn into the Trump camp, a move that so many Silicon Valley oligarchs have made.

And yet. The very same New York Times journalist who interviewed Benioff has also reported on perceived safety concerns in San Francisco herself over the past nine months. She has covered newly elected Mayor Dan Lurie’s efforts to roll back highly questionable open-drug-use policies, such as “the free distribution of clean foil, pipes, and plastic straws on the streets of San Francisco.” In another article, the same reporter quoted Lurie saying, “widespread drug dealing, public drug use, and constantly seeing people in crisis has robbed us of our sense of decency and security.” 

Benioff clarified his National Guard comments in subsequent days leading up to Dreamforce, without backing off his long-running concerns over public safety. “I do not believe the National Guard is needed to address safety in San Francisco,” he posted on X. “I sincerely apologize for the concern it caused … It’s my firm belief that our city makes the most progress when we all work together in a spirit of partnership.” In fact, President Trump then backed off his threats to send the National Guard after speaking with Benioff, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang, and Mayor Lurie.

At Dreamforce the next day, he told CNBC’s Jim Cramer that he “just want[ed] the city to be as safe as possible” ahead of the conference. Benioff has numerous reasons to personally ensure the event succeeds, both as a CEO and as a community philanthropist. Unfortunately, like many major cities, San Francisco has a shortage of police officers—500 officers, according to the San Francisco Police Department, or an understaffing of more than 20%.

Each year, Dreamforce brings nearly 50,000 people to downtown San Francisco for three days of major keynotes, customer-led discussions, product demos, hands-on learning, and community building. Millions of viewers watch online. Attendees this year included the biggest names in business, such as Dell Technologies’ Michael Dell, Starbucks’ Brian Niccol, and FedEx’s Richard Smith, as well as everyday users of Salesforce products. The economic impact on San Francisco is estimated to generate $130 million in revenue for the city and create 35,000 local jobs.

And then there’s Salesforce’s importance for the wider tech sector, especially in the artificial intelligence (AI) space. Its nascent systems are unlike traditional AI models, which operate within predefined constraints and require human intervention. Salesforce’s agentic AI provides autonomy capable of making its own decisions, planning, executing complex multi-step workflows, and adapting to changing circumstances without being driven by the constant human intervention of generative AI models such as OpenAI, Anthropic, Perplexity, Gemini, and Grok.

The market has not been impressed. Salesforce’s stock is down nearly 25% year-to-date, while competitors such as Microsoft (up 25%), Oracle (up 70%), and SAP (up 10%) have seen solid gains. Markets have continued to focus on quarterly results rather than the extraordinary potential in Salesforce’s burgeoning agentic AI capabilities.

Like the partisan preconceptions surrounding Benioff and his New York Times interview, the faulty assumptions about Salesforce’s future performance are missing the bigger picture. Or as CNBC’s Cramer said, you cannot miss “the forest for the trees” when it comes to Benioff’s long-term vision. The market gave a hint of agreement, as Dreamforce was hailed as a massive success. The market even offered a rare reprieve, sending Salesforce’s stock up by almost 5%. 

The leap into agentic AI

Agentic AI “isn’t vaporware or beta testing,” Benioff explained to Cramer at Dreamforce. The Salesforce CEO used the annual event to deliver an impressive showcase of the revolutionary technology in real-world applications by some of the world’s largest companies. 

FedEx has realized “hundreds of millions of dollars” in new revenue by converting customers to use international services in addition to domestic. These AI-powered insights have allowed the shipping giant to capture market share from competitors.

Williams-Sonoma expects over 60% of chat inquiries to be resolved autonomously through applications such as “Olive,” an automated sous-chef agent that provides personalized menu planning, shopping lists, and product recommendations. 

More than 12,000 other customers, including OpenTable, Reddit, and Under Armour, have already adopted Salesforce’s agentic AI technology, Agentforce, for use as sales agents, supply chain management, and IT service management, among others. The tens of thousands of deployments led to a 119% surge in agent creation during the first half of the year and have resulted in the Data and AI business segment reaching $1.2 billion in the most recent quarter, a year-over-year growth rate of 120%. 

The visionary who bet early

Given all the hype around agentic AI, why has Salesforce seen lackluster performance over the last five years? The answer is simple: Marc Benioff has been thinking long-term, transforming Salesforce for the age of AI. It began as early as 2014, in an all-hands meeting, when Benioff boldly told employees and shareholders that “Salesforce will become an AI-first company.” And the vision became reality as early as 2016, with the introduction and integration of Einstein into the Customer Resource Management (CRM) platform, enabling more predictive and personalized customer experiences. 

Strategic acquisitions—from Tableau to Slack to MetaMind to Airkit—and major R&D initiatives have each contributed to Salesforce’s unique first-mover advantage in agentic AI. The company has invested more than $10 billion in R&D in the technology since fiscal year 2024, shipping four iterations of Agentforce. Salesforce is not just adding basic AI features, like another duplicative LLM. Instead, Benioff is advancing his fundamental transformation of how the business operates into an “era of Agentic Enterprise.” 

The founder and chief executive is so confident in the potential of Agentforce and Salesforce’s other AI technologies that he announced a new long-term revenue target of over $60 billion by fiscal year 2030, suggesting a 10% organic compounded annual growth rate for the next five years. Even Michael Dell appears to buy into the potential as well, telling Dreamforce attendees that Agentforce would “reinvent his whole company.”

Unfortunately, short-term-oriented financial markets do not always reward the interim progress of visionaries. Perhaps with the successes presented at Dreamforce 2025, investors will begin to understand where Benioff is taking Salesforce. While the tech world debated whether agentic AI was hype, Benioff was already building it, deploying it, proving it, and restructuring his entire $40 billion company around it. This is the mark of a visionary—not waiting for consensus, but creating the future while others pontificate about it. 

History will not remember the distortion of a CEO’s vague phrasing about event security in October 2025; it will, however, remember the visionary who declared “AI-first” and delivered the enterprise AI revolution that is now transforming how the world’s top companies operate. True leadership is not about flawless words but about conveying electrifying meaning.  This requires nimble responses, perfect timing, and unwavering execution. 

Recent neurological research by the University of Rochester on multitasking reveals that versatile brains can complete complex cognitive tasks simultaneously. Still, many do not know how Benioff skillfully juggled concurrent leadership tasks, doing more than the “one thing at a time,” a display of unidimensional focus so often preached by coaches. Leaders must not only walk and chew gum at the same time, but multitasking becomes especially critical when they accidentally step on the gum. 

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.



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Jensen Huang says AI bubble fears are dwarfed by ‘largest infrastructure buildout in human history’

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Pushing back against growing skepticism regarding the sustainability of artificial intelligence spending, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang argued against the mountain backdrop of Davos, Switzerland, that high capital expenditures are not a sign of a financial bubble, but rather evidence of “the largest infrastructure buildout in human history.”

Speaking in conversation with BlackRock CEO Larry Fink, the interim co-chair of the World Economic Forum, Huang detailed an industrial transformation that extends far beyond software code, reshaping global labor markets and driving unprecedented demand for skilled tradespeople. While much of the public debate focuses on the potential for AI to replace white-collar jobs, Huang pointed to an immediate boom in blue-collar employment required to physically construct the new computing economy.

“It’s wonderful that the jobs are related to tradecraft, and we’re going to have plumbers and electricians and construction and steel workers,” Huang said. He noted the urgency to erect “AI factories,” chip plants, and data centers has radically altered the wage landscape for manual labor. “Salaries have gone up, nearly doubled, and so we’re talking about six-figure salaries for people who are building chip factories or computer factories,” Huang said, emphasizing the industry is currently facing a “great shortage” of these workers.

Ford CEO Jim Farley has been warning for months about the labor shortage in what he calls the “essential economy,” exactly the type of jobs mentioned by Huang in Davos. Earlier this month, Farley told Fortune these 95 million jobs are the “backbone of our country,” and he was partnering with local retailer Carhartt to boost workforce development, community building, and “the tools required by the men and women who keep the American Dream alive.” 

It’s time we all reinvest in the people who make our world work with their hands,” Farley said.

In October, at Ford’s Pro Accelerate conference, Farley shared that his own son was wrestling with whether to go to college or pursue a career in the trades. The Ford CEO has estimated the shortage at 600,000 in factories and nearly the same in construction.

Huang dismisses bubble fears

Fink brought up the bubble talk for a good reason: Fear of a popping bubble gripped markets for much of the back half of 2025, with luminaries such as Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon, and, just the previous day in Davos, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, warning about the potential for pain. Much of this originated in the underwhelming release of OpenAI’s GPT-5 in August, but also the MIT study that found 95% of generative AI pilots were failing to generate a return on investment. “Permabears” such as Albert Edwards, global strategist at Société Générale, have talked about how there’s likely a bubble brewing—but then again, they always think that.

Huang, whose company became the face of the AI revolution when it blew past $4 trillion in market capitalization (a bar recently reached by Alphabet on the positive release of its Gemini update), tackled these fears in conversation with Fink, arguing the term misdiagnoses the situation. Critics often point to the massive sums being spent by hyperscalers and corporations as unsustainable, but Huang countered the appearance of a bubble happens because “the investments are large … and the investments are large because we have to build the infrastructure necessary for all of the layers of AI above it.”

Huang went deeper on his food metaphor, describing the AI industry as a “five-layer cake” requiring total industrial reinvention, with Nvidia’s chips a particularly crunchy part of the recipe. The bottom layer is energy, followed by chips, cloud infrastructure, and models, with applications sitting at the top. The current wave of spending is focused on the foundational layers—energy and chips—which creates tangible assets rather than speculative vapor. Far from a bubble, he described a new industry being built from the ground up.

“There are trillions of dollars of infrastructure that needs to be built out,” Huang said, noting that the world is currently only “a few 100 billion dollars into it.”

To prove the market is driven by real demand rather than speculation, Huang offered a practical “test” for the bubble theory: the rental price of computing power as seen in the price of Nvidia’s GPU chips.

“If you try to rent an Nvidia GPU these days, it’s so incredibly hard, and the spot price of GPU rentals is going up, not just the latest generation, but two-generation-old GPUs,” he said. This scarcity indicates established companies are shifting their research and development budgets—such as pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly moving funds from wet labs to AI supercomputing—rather than simply burning venture capital.

Beyond construction and infrastructure, Huang addressed the broader anxiety regarding AI’s impact on human employment. He argued AI ultimately changes the “task” of a job rather than eliminating the “purpose” of the job. Citing radiology as an example, he noted that despite AI diffusing into every aspect of the field over the last decade, the number of radiologists has actually increased. Because AI handles the task of studying scans infinitely faster, doctors can focus on their core purpose: patient diagnosis and care, leading to higher hospital throughput and increased hiring.

Fink reframed the issue, based on Huang’s pushback. “So what I’m hearing is, we’re far from an AI bubble. The question is, are we investing enough?” Fink asked, positing that current spending levels might actually be insufficient to broaden the global economy.

Huang appeared to say: not really. “I think the the opportunity is really quite extraordinary, and everybody ought to get involved. Everybody ought to get engaged. We need more energy,” he said, adding the industry needs more land, power, trade, scale and workers. Huang said the U.S. has lost its workforce population in many ways over the last 20-30 years, “but it’s still incredibly strong,” and in Europe, pointing around him in Switzerland, he saw “an extraordinary opportunity to take advantage of.” He noted 2025 was the largest investment year in venture capital history, with $100 billion invested around the world, mostly on AI natives.”

Huang concluded by emphasizing this infrastructure buildout is global, urging developing nations and Europe to engage in “sovereign AI” by building their own domestic infrastructure. For Europe specifically, he highlighted a “once-in-a-generation opportunity” to leverage its strong industrial base to lead in “physical AI” and robotics, effectively merging the new digital intelligence with traditional manufacturing. Far from a bubble, he seemed to be saying, this is just the beginning.



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Nearly 400 millionaires and billionaires are demanding Davos leaders to tax them more: ‘Tax us. Tax the super rich.’

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While the wealthiest business leaders from U.S. president Donald Trump to Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang touch down in the Swiss town of Davos to discuss the state of the world, a cohort of the ultra-rich are already sounding the alarm. Hundreds of millionaires and billionaires released an open letter in time for the World Economic Forum, calling on leaders attending the conference to fight raging wealth inequality with taxes. 

“Millionaires like us refuse to be silent. It is time to be counted. Tax us and make sure the next fifty years meet the promise of progress for everyone,” the letter stated

“Extreme wealth has led to extreme control for those who gamble with our safe future for their obscene gains. Now is the time to end that control and win back our future.”

So far, nearly 400 millionaires and billionaires across 24 countries have signed the letter condemning extreme wealth, including the likes of Hollywood actor Mark Ruffalo, Disney heirs Abby and Tim Disney, and real estate developer Jeffrey Gural.

The open letter is part of a “Time to Win” campaign, led by wealth redistribution organizations including Patriotic Millionaires, Millionaires for Humanity, and Oxfam. It criticized global oligarchs with riches who have “bought up” democracies, exacerbated poverty, stifled tech innovation, dampened press freedom, and overall, “accelerated the breakdown of our planet.” After all, 77% of millionaires from G20 nations think extremely wealthy individuals buy political influence, and 71% believe those with riches can significantly influence elections, according to a poll conducted for Patriotic Millionaires.

The Time to Win wealthy signatories offer a simple solution: “Tax us. Tax the super rich.”

“As millionaires who stand shoulder to shoulder with all people, we demand it,” the open letter continued. “And as our elected representatives—whether it’s those of you at Davos, local councillors, city mayors, or regional leaders—it’s your duty to deliver it.

Stars and billionaires are calling out the super-rich for being ungenerous 

As the world mints hundreds of thousands of millionaires yearly and billionaire wealth soars to record highs, some leaders can’t stand to stay quiet. Celebrities and the ultra-rich haven’t just sent a message to money-hoarders with the Time to Win letter—some have even called out billionaires in person, questioning their existence. 

“If you’re a billionaire, why are you a billionaire? No hate, but yeah, give your money away, shorties,” Eilish said onstage last year at the WSJ Magazine Innovator Awards with Meta mogul Mark Zuckerberg, worth $214 billion, in attendance. 

Even the most philanthropic members of the ultra-rich club are wary of their peers’ lack of charity. Billionaires have started their own initiatives like Warren Buffett, Melinda French Gates, and Bill Gates’ The Giving Pledge, which attracted more than 250 billionaires who pledged to donate at least half of their wealth during their lifetimes, or in their wills. But efforts have largely fallen short. Last year, French Gates admitted that the signatories haven’t given enough; And in a letter to shareholders, Buffett fessed up to the fact that billionaires aren’t following through. 

“Early on, I contemplated various grand philanthropic plans. Though I was stubborn, these did not prove feasible,” Buffett wrote. “During my many years, I’ve also watched ill-conceived wealth transfers by political hacks, dynastic choices, and, yes, inept or quirky philanthropists.”

Billionaire and millionaire wealth is on the rise 

There’s more people rolling in riches than ever before, and it’s fueling an equity crisis at the bottom of the economic ladder. 

In 2024 alone, the U.S. minted 379,000 new millionaires—over 1,000 millionaires every day—as the proportion of Americans in the ultrawealthy club swelled by 1.5%, according to a 2025 report from investment bank UBS. This cohort held about $107 trillion in total wealth at the end of that year: more than four times the amount they owned at the turn of the millennium. 

In 2000, there were only 13.27 million everyday millionaires, but by the end of 2024, the group swelled to 52 million people worldwide. 

While it might appear that eye-watering riches are spreading out to a larger number of individuals, it’s mainly concentrating at the top. America’s top 20% household earners—averaging a net worth of $4.3 million—accounted for about 71% of the U.S.’s total wealth at the end of 2024, according to 2025 data from the Federal Reserve. 

Meanwhile, the bottom half of American households, averaging about $60,000 in wealth, owned just 2.5% of the country’s wealth. For the vast majority of U.S. citizens, joining the millionaire club—and even more so, the billionaire club—is a total pipe dream.



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Trump fast tracks ‘three-week’ nuclear approval for big tech to fuel AI race

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President Donald Trump offered Silicon Valley an extraordinary deal on Wednesday: Build your own nuclear power plants to fuel AI, and his administration will approve them in just three weeks.

Speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, Trump addressed a room of tech executives struggling with an aging U.S. electrical grid.

“I came up with the idea,” Trump said. “You people are brilliant. You have a lot of money. You can build your own electric generating plants.”

Trump talked for about 10 minutes about energy in his speech, making it clear Trump views a straining electric grid as a central economic risk of 2026. As artificial intelligence pushes electricity demand to record highs, the administration is framing power shortages as an existential threat to growth and national security. Slashing approval timelines, Trump argued, is a necessary response to an energy system he said he believes is fundamentally unprepared for the AI era.

“We needed more than double the energy currently in the country just to take care of the AI plants,” Trump said. 

The proposal marks a radical departure from the traditional Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) process, which historically requires four to five years for environmental and design approvals as well as rigorous site selection. Trump claimed that while tech leaders initially “didn’t believe him,” he assured them the government would deliver approvals for oil and gas plants in just two weeks, with nuclear projects following in three.

Trump said he wasn’t “a big fan” of nuclear power before, but now sees it as a newly viable solution due to safety improvements. 

“The progress they’ve made with nuclear is unbelievable,” he said. “We’re very much into the world of nuclear energy, and we can have it now at good prices and very, very safe.” 

While the potential upcoming wave of small modular nuclear reactors (SMR) could receive regulatory approvals in less than two years, there is little basis for going through an approval process with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in closer to three weeks, and such an expedited process would trigger widespread concerns about safety and environmental risks.

Trump also touted a new energy alliance with Venezuela, noting the U.S. secured 50 million barrels of oil last week following the “end of an attack” on the nation that led to the deposition of President Nicolás Maduro. He said the new cooperation between the two nations would make Venezuela “fantastically well” while driving U.S. gasoline prices toward $2.00 a gallon.

Gasoline prices are the main inflationary measure by which costs have fallen during the first year of the new Trump administration. But they’re nowhere close to $2.00 per gallon. The national average for a gallon of regular unleaded is $2.76 per gallon this week, down 32 cents from a year ago, primarily because of rising OPEC oil production.

But Trump drew a sharp contrast with Europe’s energy landscape. Trump mocked the “Green New Scam,” citing a 64% spike in German electricity prices and the “catastrophic” decline of energy production in the United Kingdom. He targeted the North Sea and the proliferation of wind farms, which he labeled “losers” that “kill the birds.”

“Stupid people buy” wind farms, Trump laughed.



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