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The ‘loopification’ of AI is making me dizzy

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Welcome to Eye on AI, with AI reporter Sharon Goldman. In this edition, the ‘loopification’ of AI…Trump eyes state AI laws…Meta will partner with Yann LeCun’s new startup…andAI is now the fastest-adopted technology in history.

On Tuesday, Microsoft, Nvidia, and Anthropic announced strategic partnerships that Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella summed up this way: “We are increasingly going to be customers of each other.”

How very “Here we go round the mulberry bush,” right? Microsoft buys Anthropic’s models; Anthropic runs Claude on Microsoft’s Azure cloud; Anthropic buys Nvidia’s chips; and both Microsoft and Nvidia invest in Anthropic. If that sounds like a big circle going round and round and back again… that’s because it is. And honestly, it’s making me dizzy.

But this trio-loop-de-loop isn’t an anomaly. These days, it’s becoming the dominant business model of the AI industry. Hyperscalers, model labs and infrastructure companies are increasingly forming closed-loop partnerships that function as a kind of AI mutual-assurance pact: everyone is a partner, a vendor, and a customer at the same time.

For Nvidia, which blew past revenue targets in its Q3 earnings yesterday, posting a 62% surge in revenue growth, this kind of circle game has been a key to its success over the past three years. As Fortune’s Shawn Tully recently detailed, the company has been building its own circular ecosystem by investing in—and sometimes financing—its own customers, from OpenAI to CoreWeave. The goal is to engineer a perpetual-motion machine of GPU consumption—a way to guarantee demand in a world where hyperscalers are trying to build their own chips. For example, in September Nvidia committed to investing up to $100 billion in OpenAI. As part of the agreement, OpenAI would purchase “at least 10 gigawatts worth of capacity in Nvidia AI chips. “It’s very murky,” Seaport analyst Jay Goldberg said recently. ““It’s very unclear what the motivation here is … To what degree is Nvidia investing versus buying demand or subsidizing demand [for its chips]?”

There are plenty of other non-Nvidia loops as well. Anthropic, for instance, has long had a similar arrangement with Amazon: Amazon is a major investor in Anthropic, which instantly gave Anthropic access to AWS infrastructure, Amazon’s custom Tranium chips, and a major partner for training and running its AI models. Amazon, in turn, gets a revenue boost in its cloud and AI chip businesses. More recently, OpenAI announced a multiyear partnership in October with AMD—OpenAI gets 6 gigawatts of AMD GPUs, while AMD gives OpenAI the option to buy up to 10% of the company. AMD gets guaranteed demand; OpenAI gets a second chip supplier. Another loop.

There are sovereign loops, too: Just yesterday, AMD, Cisco and Saudi-backed HUMAIN formed a joint venture to build up to 1 gigawatt of AI infrastructure in the Saudi Kingdom. Each company is both an investor and an exclusive supplier—AMD and Cisco put money into the joint venture, and the joint venture is then contractually designed to buy AMD’s GPUs and Cisco’s networking gear, all inside HUMAIN’s Saudi data centers. It’s the same circular logic: investors fund the suppliers, the suppliers buy from the investors, and everyone gets to tout massive growth. 

And Nvidia isn’t absent from this one either: it also announced a partnership with HUMAIN yesterday —alongside Elon Musk’s xAI—to build a major new AI data center in Saudi Arabia.

Is “loopification” bad? Well, Nvidia has long profited from it, and startups like OpenAI and Anthropic likely would not be where they are today without it. But there are inherent risks:  Concentrated power within a tiny group of players; huge debt among companies that haven’t yet proven sustainable business models; blurry real market signals that makes it harder to tell whether there is real demand. What would happen if one of the players in the circle stumbles? And what happens to the players left out of the circle? 

Circle games, after all, are fun. But we all know what happens at the end of “Ring Around the Rosy” — they all fall down. Nvidia’s strong quarterly results may have calmed AI bubble fears–for now–but how long can this loop-de-loop business model continue? I don’t know the answer. But at this point, I might need some Dramamine.  

With that, here’s more AI news.

Sharon Goldman
sharon.goldman@fortune.com
@sharongoldman

FORTUNE ON AI

Nvidia says it has ‘visibility to a half a trillion dollars’ in revenue through 2026. That would make it one of America’s biggest companies — Matthew Heimer

Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang earnings call namechecked Saudi AI company Humain three times. Here’s why — Jeremy Kahn

The stock market is barrelling toward a ‘show me the money’ moment for AI—and a possible global crash — Jim Edwards

AI’s power and water consumption is worrying the agriculture sector: ‘Don’t forget that it is also required for us to grow food’ — Angelica Ang

Nvidia blows past revenue targets and forecasts trillions in AI infrastructure spending by end of decade — Sharon Goldman

AI IN THE NEWS

Trump’s draft executive order targets state AI Laws. President Donald Trump is weighing a challenge to state AI regulations, according to a leaked draft reported by Reuters. The executive order aims to override state AI laws through litigation and by conditioning access to federal funding. The draft specifically criticizes California’s SB 53, calling it “complex and burdensome.” The order would create an AI Litigation Task Force to sue states and could withhold broadband funding from those with stringent AI rules. The proposal follows Trump’s push to attach similar preemption measures to the upcoming Defense Authorization Act bill. It is likely to face pushback at the state level and has already sparked MAGA backlash. Read more in Reuters. 

Meta will partner with Yann LeCun’s new startup. Meta’s long-serving AI chief is leaving the company for his own startup. LeCun said in a post on LinkedIn that he was building a startup to carry forward the Advanced Machine Intelligence (AMI) research he had been working on at Meta’s FAIR and NYU. Last week, the Financial Times reported that LeCun was planning to launch his own start-up and was in early talks to raise funding for it. He called the creation of FAIR—Meta’s AI research Lab—his proudest non-technical accomplishment. Read the full post here.

Google DeepMind expands its robotics push with a new hire. Google DeepMind hired the former chief technology officer of Boston Dynamics, Aaron Saunders, as the company’s new VP of hardware engineering earlier this month, according to a report from Wired. The move is part of CEO Demis Hassabis’ DeepMind’s ambition to transform Gemini into an operating system for physical robots. Hassabis has previously said DeepMind is trying to build an AI system that can work “out-of-the-box, across any body configuration.” Boston Dynamics, known for its advanced legged robots, was  actually briefly owned by Google, which acquired the company in 2013 and sold it four years later. While at the company, Saunders worked on an amphibious six-legged prototype before becoming CTO in 2021. Read more in Wired.

Europe scales back its privacy and AI laws. The EU has proposed a series of changes to its landmark privacy rules, GDPR, and a delay to major provisions of the AI Act. The proposal would ease data-sharing restrictions, allow personal data to be used for AI training under certain conditions, extend compliance deadlines for high-risk AI systems, and cut down on Europe’s ubiquitous cookie pop-ups. The Commission frames the changes as pro-innovation simplification, but leaked drafts have already sparked backlash from civil rights groups and lawmakers who say the EU is caving to pressure from Big Tech. Read more in The Verge.

AI CALENDAR

Nov. 26-27: World AI Congress, London.

Dec. 2-7: NeurIPS, San Diego.

Dec. 8-9: Fortune Brainstorm AI San Francisco. Apply to attend here.

Jan. 7-10: Consumer Electronics Show, Las Vegas. 

March 12-18: SWSW, Austin. 

March 16-19: Nvidia GTC, San Jose. 

April 6-9: HumanX, San Francisco. 

EYE ON AI NUMBERS

60%

That’s the percentage of adults in the U.S. who have tried generative AI since the launch of OpenAI’s ChatGPT, according to a new report from the Computer and Communications Industry Association. This also makes it the fastest-adopted technology in history.

According to the 2025 SPICE AI Report, roughly three in five U.S. adults have now used GenAI in less than three years, outpacing the adoption curves of both smartphones and the internet. Daily use of GenAI among U.S. adults jumped from 12% to 17% over just eight months, while workplace integration is accelerating even faster. Around 40% of workers now use AI tools at work, reporting an average 15% boost in productivity. Among AI-using employees, daily usage surged from 21% to 31% between March and July 2025. Most AI-users, 77%, also have a favorable impression of the technology—a feeling that is trending more positive over time, according to the report.



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U.S. consumers are so strained they put more than $1B on BNPL during Black Friday and Cyber Monday

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Financially strained and cautious customers leaned heavily on buy now, pay later (BNPL) services over the holiday weekend.

Cyber Monday alone generated $1.03 billion (a 4.2% increase YoY) in online BNPL sales with most transactions happening on mobile devices, per Adobe Analytics. Overall, consumers spent $14.25 billion online on Cyber Monday. To put that into perspective, BNPL made up for more than 7.2% of total online sales on that day.

As for Black Friday, eMarketer reported $747.5 million in online sales using BNPL services with platforms like PayPal finding a 23% uptick in BNPL transactions.

Likewise, digital financial services company Zip reported 1.6 million transactions throughout 280,000 of its locations over the Black Friday and Cyber Monday weekend. Millennials (51%) accounted for a chunk of the sizable BNPL purchases, followed by Gen Z, Gen X, and baby boomers, per Zip.

The Adobe data showed that people using BNPL were most likely to spend on categories such as electronics, apparel, toys, and furniture, which is consistent with previous years. This trend also tracks with Zip’s findings that shoppers were primarily investing in tech, electronics, and fashion when using its services.

And while some may be surprised that shoppers are taking on more debt via BNPL (in this economy?!), analysts had already projected a strong shopping weekend. A Deloitte survey forecast that consumers would spend about $650 million over the Black Friday–Cyber Monday stretch—a 15% jump from 2023.

“US retailers leaned heavily on discounts this holiday season to drive online demand,” Vivek Pandya, lead analyst at Adobe Digital Insights, said in a statement. “Competitive and persistent deals throughout Cyber Week pushed consumers to shop earlier, creating an environment where Black Friday now challenges the dominance of Cyber Monday.”

This report was originally published by Retail Brew.



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AI labs like Meta, Deepseek, and Xai earned worst grades possible on an existential safety index

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A recent report card from an AI safety watchdog isn’t one that tech companies will want to stick on the fridge.

The Future of Life Institute’s latest AI safety index found that major AI labs fell short on most measures of AI responsibility, with few letter grades rising above a C. The org graded eight companies across categories like safety frameworks, risk assessment, and current harms.

Perhaps most glaring was the “existential safety” line, where companies scored Ds and Fs across the board. While many of these companies are explicitly chasing superintelligence, they lack a plan for safely managing it, according to Max Tegmark, MIT professor and president of the Future of Life Institute.

“Reviewers found this kind of jarring,” Tegmark told us.

The reviewers in question were a panel of AI academics and governance experts who examined publicly available material as well as survey responses submitted by five of the eight companies.

Anthropic, OpenAI, and GoogleDeepMind took the top three spots with an overall grade of C+ or C. Then came, in order, Elon Musk’s Xai, Z.ai, Meta, DeepSeek, and Alibaba, all of which got Ds or a D-.

Tegmark blames a lack of regulation that has meant the cutthroat competition of the AI race trumps safety precautions. California recently passed the first law that requires frontier AI companies to disclose safety information around catastrophic risks, and New York is currently within spitting distance as well. Hopes for federal legislation are dim, however.

“Companies have an incentive, even if they have the best intentions, to always rush out new products before the competitor does, as opposed to necessarily putting in a lot of time to make it safe,” Tegmark said.

In lieu of government-mandated standards, Tegmark said the industry has begun to take the group’s regularly released safety indexes more seriously; four of the five American companies now respond to its survey (Meta is the only holdout.) And companies have made some improvements over time, Tegmark said, mentioning Google’s transparency around its whistleblower policy as an example.

But real-life harms reported around issues like teen suicides that chatbots allegedly encouraged, inappropriate interactions with minors, and major cyberattacks have also raised the stakes of the discussion, he said.

“[They] have really made a lot of people realize that this isn’t the future we’re talking about—it’s now,” Tegmark said.

The Future of Life Institute recently enlisted public figures as diverse as Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, former Trump aide Steve Bannon, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, and rapper Will.i.am to sign a statement opposing work that could lead to superintelligence.

Tegmark said he would like to see something like “an FDA for AI where companies first have to convince experts that their models are safe before they can sell them.

“The AI industry is quite unique in that it’s the only industry in the US making powerful technology that’s less regulated than sandwiches—basically not regulated at all,” Tegmark said. “If someone says, ‘I want to open a new sandwich shop near Times Square,’ before you can sell the first sandwich, you need a health inspector to check your kitchen and make sure it’s not full of rats…If you instead say, ‘Oh no, I’m not going to sell any sandwiches. I’m just going to release superintelligence.’ OK! No need for any inspectors, no need to get any approvals for anything.”

“So the solution to this is very obvious,” Tegmark added. “You just stop this corporate welfare of giving AI companies exemptions that no other companies get.”

This report was originally published by Tech Brew.



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Hollywood writers say Warner takeover ‘must be blocked’

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Hollywood writers, producers, directors and theater owners voiced skepticism over Netflix Inc.’s proposed $82.7 billion takeover of Warner Bros. Discovery Inc.’s studio and streaming businesses, saying it threatens to undermine their interests.

The Writers Guild of America, which announced in October it would oppose any sale of Warner Bros., reiterated that view on Friday, saying the purchase by Netflix “must be blocked.”

“The world’s largest streaming company swallowing one of its biggest competitors is what antitrust laws were designed to prevent,” the guild said in an emailed statement. “The outcome would eliminate jobs, push down wages, worsen conditions for all entertainment workers, raise prices for consumers, and reduce the volume and diversity of content for all viewers.”

The worries raised by the movie and TV industry’s biggest trade groups come against the backdrop of falling movie and TV production, slack ticket sales and steep job cuts in Hollywood. Another legacy studio, Paramount, was sold earlier this year.

Warner Bros. accounts for about a fourth of North American ticket sales — roughly $2 billion — and is being acquired by a company that has long shunned theatrical releases for its feature films. As part of the deal, Netflix co-CEO Ted Sarandos has promised Warner Bros. will continue to release moves in theaters.

“The proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. by Netflix poses an unprecedented threat to the global exhibition business,” Michael O’Leary, chief executive officer of the theatrical trade group Cinema United, said in en emailed statement Friday. “The negative impact of this acquisition will impact theaters from the biggest circuits to one-screen independents.”

The buyout of Warner Bros. by Netflix “would be a disaster,” James Cameron, the director of some of Hollywood’s highest-grossing films in history including Titanic and Avatar, said in late November on The Town, an industry-focused podcast. “Sorry Ted, but jeez. Sarandos has gone on record saying theatrical films are dead.”

On a conference call with investors Friday, Sarandos said that his company’s resistance to releasing films in cinemas was mostly tied to “the long exclusive windows, which we don’t really think are that consumer friendly.”

The company said Friday it would “maintain Warner Bros.’ current operations and build on its strengths, including theatrical releases for films.”

On the call, Sarandos reiterated that view, saying that, “right now, you should count on everything that is planned on going to the theater through Warner Bros. will continue to go to the theaters through Warner Bros.” 

Competition from online outfits like YouTube and Netflix has forced a reckoning in Hollywood, opening the door for takeovers like the Warner Bros. deal announced Friday. Media giants including Comcast Corp., parent of NBCUniversal, are unloading cable-TV networks like MS Now and USA, and steering resources into streaming. 

In an emailed note to Warner Bros. employees on Friday, Chief Executive Officer David Zaslav said the board’s decision to sell the company “reflects the realities of an industry undergoing generational change in how stories are financed, produced, distributed, and discovered.”

The Producers Guild of America said Friday its members are “rightfully concerned about Netflix’s intended acquisition of one of our industry’s most storied and meaningful studios,” while a spokesperson for the Directors Guild of America raised concerns about future pay at Warner Bros.

“We will be meeting with Netflix to outline our concerns and better understand their vision for the future of the company,” the Directors Guild said.

In September, the DGA appointed director Christopher Nolan as its president. Nolan has previously criticized Netflix’s model of releasing films exclusively online, or simultaneously in a small number of cinemas, and has said he won’t make movies for the company.

The Screen Actors Guild said Friday that the transaction “raises many serious questions about its impact on the future of the entertainment industry, and especially the human creative talent whose livelihoods and careers depend on it.”

Oscar winner Jane Fonda spoke out on Thursday before the deal was announced. 

“Consolidation at this scale would be catastrophic for an industry built on free expression, for the creative workers who power it, and for consumers who depend on a free, independent media ecosystem to understand the world,” the star of the Netflix series Grace and Frankie wrote on the Ankler industry news website.

Netflix and Warner Bros. obviously don’t see it that way. In his statement to employees, Zaslav said “the proposed combination of Warner Bros. and Netflix reflects complementary strengths, more choice and value for consumers, a stronger entertainment industry, increased opportunity for creative talent, and long-term value creation for shareholders.”



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