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Good morning. Lily Mae Lazarus here, filling in for Ruth Umoh.

In the pursuit of speed and efficiency, many companies have aggressively trimmed layers of middle management. Chief executives like Amazon’s Andy Jassy and Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg have championed flatter organizational structures in an effort to reduce bureaucracy and spark innovation. But what looks lean on paper is proving increasingly costly at the top.

Senior executives are now shouldering more direct reports, managing tasks once owned by middle managers, and losing valuable time for strategic thinking. According to Korn Ferry’s 2025 Workforce Survey, 41% of employees say their organizations have cut management layers, and nearly half of senior executives doubt their ability to manage it all, outpacing even CEOs (40%) in self-doubt. 

Middle managers have long served as the vital link between vision and execution. Without them, that connection frays, says senior client partner at Korn Ferry Maria Amato. In fact, 43% of employees surveyed by Korn Ferry say leadership isn’t aligned, and 37% report feeling directionless.

It’s not just clarity that suffers, either. Leadership development, mentorship, and career advancement—typically nurtured by middle managers—often vanish too. That threatens retention, particularly among high performers, who often leave for better career support that strong middle managers provide.

The fix isn’t simply to reintroduce layers. “Before you jump to solutions, whether it’s cutting or anything else, you have to diagnose your own organization,” Amato warns. Companies, she says, need to redesign leadership roles with greater intention, ensuring executives can stay focused on strategy while building an infrastructure that supports talent development.

Lily Mae Lazarus
lily.lazarus@fortune.com

This story was originally featured on Fortune.com

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• The funeral of Pope Francis will be different than those of his predecessors. The pope changed the funeral rites last year, emphasizing humility and removing some of the pomp and circumstance.

Pope Francis, who has headed the Catholic church since 2013, has died at the age of 88.

The 266th pope was hospitalized earlier this year for a complex lung infection that led to kidney problems. His passing will begin an orchestrated process that will look much different than those of his predecessors. Francis, last year, instituted several changes to papal funeral rites, effectively writing a new script for his own funeral and those of popes to come.

Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Pope Francis was elected to the papacy at the age of 76, following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI. His public life was one that emphasized humility and empathy for the poor—and he chose a less formal approach to his office with an emphasis on reform.

Francis’ time as pope was a groundbreaking one. Women were given voting rights at a key meeting, the Synod of Bishops, he and cracked open the door of the Catholic church to blessing same-sex unions (though it cautioned those blessings would be kept separate from marriage).

“We cannot be judges who only deny, push back and exclude,” Francis wrote in 2023. “As such, pastoral prudence must adequately discern whether there are forms of blessing, requested by one or several people, that do not convey a wrong idea of a matrimony. Because when one seeks a blessing, one is requesting help from God.”

Pope Francis will not be buried at the Vatican

Even before changing the funeral rites, he signaled a different approach to how he wanted his death to be treated.

Whereas most pontiffs have been buried in the grottoes under St. Peter’s Basilica, Francis announced in 2023 that he would be buried in Rome’s Santa Maria Maggiore basilica instead. That, he said, would let him be near his favorite icon of the Madonna.

Pope Francis’ funeral will eschew much of the pomp and circumstance

Then last year, Francis changed the funeral rites that were to be used when he dies. Those were the first changes in 24 years.

The changes were deemed necessary after the death of Emeritus Pope Benedict XVI in 2022, when the Vatican had to arrange a funeral for a retired pope for the first time in 600 years. And it presented Francis with the opportunity to simplify things.

Francis has avoided much of the grandeur and pageantry of the papacy, opting (for instance) to live in the Vatican hotel rather than the Apostolic Palace, where previous popes have lived. He also prefers to travel in smaller cars rather than SUVs.

One of the changes he made to funeral plans for popes was doing away with the requirement that the pope be placed on an elevated platform in St. Peter’s Basilica during the public viewing. Instead, his body and those of future popes will lie in state in a simple coffin.

Also the burial tradition requiring three interlocking coffins made of oak, cypress and lead was done away with.

Archbishop Diego Ravelli, master of papal liturgical ceremonies, told Vatican News the changes highlight “even more that the Roman Pontiff’s funeral is that of a shepherd and disciple of Christ and not of a powerful man of this world.”

Scripture changes at papal funerals

While the rites still call for memorial masses at the Vatican for nine days, the revisions also updated the language in the prayers and Scripture readings to match revised translations. More saints will also be included in the Litany of Saints, which is chanted as the body of the pope is carried into St. Peter’s Basilica.

When will conclave take place?

The changes Pope Francis made to papal funeral plans did not touch on conclave, the process where the Vatican convenes to elect a new leader of the church. There’s no set amount of time between the death of a pope and the start of conclave, but it’s generally 15-20 days. The cardinals decide the exact time and date.

At conclave, cardinals under the age of 80 will select the next pope. As of Jan. 22, there were 252 cardinals worldwide—138 of which fit the age requirement. A two-thirds majority of voters is needed to win.

This story was originally featured on Fortune.com