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Insomnia Cookies CEO delivered cookies as a student at 2 a.m. Now he runs a $350 million empire

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College campuses are a breeding ground for innovation—including successes like Facebook, Snapchat, and Gatorade. Another prime example is Insomnia Cookies, which was created at an Ivy League campus house and has since turned into a cult staple for legions of students looking for their late-night sweet treat fix. 

Insomnia Cookies is now a fixture at U.S. colleges, with many of its 350 international stores (and counting) housed on or near university campuses. Delivering warm cookies into the wee hours of the morning, with some locations open until 3 a.m., it’s an easy pick for students coming back from rowdy parties or binge-watching TV past midnight. And its founder and CEO, Seth Berkowitz, truly knows his audience, as he launched his business as a University of Pennsylvania junior back in 2003. 

Berkowitz was an economics major living with eight other college roommates under one roof, which he describes to Fortune as “a bit of a frat house.” Together, they’d often stay up late playing video games or tuning into baseball and football games—with Papa John’s as their go-to snack. But he got sick of his housemates constantly ordering pizzas every night, craving something sweet instead. Then, Berkowitz had a light-bulb moment: There were no late-night dessert delivery options around him. He knew he could fix that.

“I walked into the common house and I was like, ‘Guys, I cannot believe we keep ordering from these over and over again. Let’s get something sweet—how great would that be?’ Well, no one delivers anything sweet,” Berkowitz tells Fortune. “And so it’s like, all right, somebody needs to change this.”

From hand-delivering 89-cent cookies at 2 a.m. to raising angel investments as a college senior

Recognizing a gap in the market, Berkowitz wasted no time getting his hobby off the ground. For the first four weeks, he would only get a maximum of five orders per night. He’d sell each cookie for 89 cents, delivering cookies as late as 2 a.m. to hungry customers around campus. But his home operation finally took off when the school newspaper ran a profile on his cookie-peddling scheme, plastering the story on the front page. That evening, he got 85 orders. 

Courtesy of Insomnia Cookies

“That night was a big spike. It then settled into the 30, 40 delivery range,” Berkowitz recalls. “I was like, ‘Okay, this really does work. If I can scale this up, there’s a business to be had.’”

Fervor over his cookies soon attracted investors before he even graduated college in 2004. The young up-and-coming entrepreneur wanted to take his brand to collegiate locations across the U.S., and the dominos fell. Hype over the late-night dessert chain gained enough traction for Insomnia to spread to campuses all over, including the University of Maryland and the University of Illinois. 

The 44-year-old entrepreneur says those early stages between the years of 2004 and 2008 were incredibly exciting. Insomnia Cookies was growing fast and adding units—but everything took a turn when the Great Recession hit. The business hadn’t reached profitability yet, and on top of their customers being financially strained, it was difficult to raise capital. Berkowitz says his angel investors weren’t sure how the world was going to be after the financial crash, and couldn’t put their money into “hobby investments” like they once did. It was a dark time for Insomnia, but it also pushed Berkowitz to keep the brand’s then-14 locations alive. 

“All of those things forge discipline in the brand. It pushed us to be much more methodical, much more focused,” Berkowitz explains. “I hunkered down, I reduced my team, I took a lot more on my own shoulders…It was all about persistence, perseverance, and just a belief in the opportunity.”

Selling a majority stake to Krisy Kreme for nearly $140 million

Insomnia Cookies has thrived since the bumpy years following the 2008 financial crash—and beloved donut titan Krispy Kreme shelled out millions to acquire the company. In 2018, Krispy Kreme purchased a majority stake in the business, paying around $139.5 million for 74.5% of the company, according to a 2021 SEC filing. Krispy Kreme has since sold off its stake, a transaction that valued Insomnia at $350 million in total enterprise value—roughly double what it was since the acquisition.

Berkowitz was able to turn his college passion project into a household name among college students across the country. It took more than two decades of hard work, navigating economic crises and ownership changes, to build the brand into a dessert-chain staple. But the CEO says 22 years of sustained dedication is what makes the business so successful today. 

“We always [say] Insomnia has played the long game, while everyone else has played the hype game,” Berkowitz says. “Businesses that don’t innovate typically don’t last very long…The question always becomes, ‘Can you keep doing it right? Can you reinvent yourself, remake yourself consistently and persistently?’ It continues to drive us.”

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Coca-Cola names 30-year veteran Henrique Braun as new CEO

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Coca-Cola said Wednesday that its chief operating officer will become its next CEO in the first quarter of 2026.

The Atlanta beverage giant said its board elected Henrique Braun as CEO effective March 31. James Quincey, Coke’s current chairman and CEO, will transition to executive chairman of the company.

Braun, 57, has worked at Coca-Cola for three decades. Prior to assuming the COO role earlier this year, he led operations in Brazil, Latin America, Greater China and South Korea. He has held positions overseeing Coke’s supply chain, new business development, marketing, innovation, general management and bottling operations.

Braun was born in California and raised in Brazil. He holds a bachelor’s degree in agricultural engineering from the University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, a master of science degree from Michigan State University and an MBA from Georgia State University.

David Weinberg, Coca-Cola’s lead independent director, called Quincey, 60, a “transformative leader” who will continue to remain active in the business.

During Quincey’s nine years as CEO, Coke added more than 10 additional billion-dollar brands, including BodyArmor and Fairlife. He also brought Coke into the alcoholic drink market with Topo Chico Hard Seltzer, which went on sale in 2021.

In 2020, Quincey led a restructuring that reduced Coke’s brands by half and laid off thousands of employees. Quincey said Coke wanted to streamline its structure and focus its investments on fast-growing products like its Simply and Minute Maid juices.

But as Quincey steps down as CEO, Coke is facing numerous challenges, including tepid demand for its products in the U.S. and Europe and increasing customer scrutiny of its ingredients. This summer, after a nudge from President Donald Trump, Coke said it would release a version of its trademark Cola with cane sugar instead of high-fructose corn syrup.

Weinberg said the board is confident that Braun will build on the company’s strengths and seek out growth opportunities globally.

Coke shares were flat in after-market trading.



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Warner Bros. merger fight draws fire across U.S. political divide

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The battle for Warner Bros. Discovery Inc. has already lit a fire in Hollywood, with unions decrying the potential job losses, theaters sounding an alarm about the future of film releases and actors worrying about free speech. 

Now, the debate over which company will end up owning Warner Bros. — Netflix Inc. or Paramount Skydance Corp. — is carving up the country along political lines.

In Republican circles, it’s become fashionable to root against Netflix. Paramount is run by David Ellison, who has close ties to the White House and whose bid for Warner Bros. is backed by Jared Kushner, son-in-law of President Donald Trump. Some prominent Democrats, on the other hand, are voicing objections to the Paramount bid, crying foul over the $24 billion that’s coming from Middle East sources.

President Trump added drama on Wednesday when he said that any deal for Warner Bros. should include the sale of its CNN cable news network.

“It should be guaranteed that CNN is part of it or sold separately,” he said. The network is run by “a very dishonest group of people.”

Warner Bros. and Paramount declined to comment. Netflix didn’t respond to requests for comment.

Few mergers in recent memory have been as polarizing at the battle for Warner Bros., which combines the glamour of Hollywood, the influence of TV news, foreign intrigue tied to Middle Eastern funds and the specter of White House favoritism.

Trump’s comment triggered even more uncertainty. He had previously raised antitrust concerns about Netflix buying Warner Bros.

After a months-long auction, Warner Bros. agreed last week to sell its studios and streaming business, including HBO, to Netflix for $27.75 a share. Under the Netflix deal, Warner Bros. would move forward with its plan to spin off its cable networks, including CNN and TNT, into a separate company called Discovery Global.

Paramount, which kicked off the sale process by making several unsolicited offers for the company, responded on Dec. 8 by launching a $30-a-share hostile tender offer for all of Warner Bros., including the cable networks.

Paramount released a letter to shareholders on Wednesday reiterating that its offer is superior and more likely to win approval in Washington. 

Ellison has spoken publicly about having a good relationship with the Trump administration. His father Larry Ellison, the cofounder of Oracle Corp. and world’s second-richest person, is a Trump ally. 

Still, Trump hasn’t fully endorsed Paramount’s bid. He bashed the company on Monday over a 60 Minutes interview with Republican Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene, who has become a vocal critic of the president. He also said that neither Netflix nor Paramount “are particularly great friends of mine.” 

Other politicians have been much clearer about who they’re rooting against in the bidding war.

In November, Republican Congressman Darrell Issa of California wrote a letter to Attorney General Pam Bondi asking whether a Netflix deal with Warner Bros. would give the streaming leader too much market power.

“Netflix is already the dominant streaming platform in the United States and permitting it to absorb a major competitor raises antitrust concerns that could result in a harm to consumers,” Issa wrote.

Democratic Representatives Sam Liccardo of California and Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts sent a letter to Warner Bros. CEO David Zaslav on Wednesday raising concerns about the participation of foreign investors in Paramount’s bid, which includes backing from sovereign wealth funds in Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Abu Dhabi. 

“These investors, by virtue of their financial position or contractual rights, could obtain influence — direct or indirect — over business decisions that bear upon editorial independence, content moderation, distribution priorities, or the stewardship of Americans’ private data,” the lawmakers wrote. 

Like many in Hollywood, Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts would prefer no sale at all. She called Paramount’s offer a “five-alarm antitrust fire” on Monday after previously branding Netflix’s bid as an “anti-monopoly nightmare.”

Within the pro-Trump MAGA-verse, influencers and media commentators called on Trump to block a Netflix-Warner Bros. deal. Conservative commentator Laura Loomer zeroed in on Netflix’s ties to former President Barack Obama and his wife Michelle. They signed a deal with the company in 2018.

“If Netflix is allowed to buy Warner Bros. and Trump’s administration doesn’t kill off the merger, CNN will be transformed into the Obama News Network, featuring shows hosted by Michelle Obama @MichelleObama where she lectures Americans about how racist and sexist we are,” Loomer wrote on X

Right-wing podcaster Benny Johnson said combining Netflix with Warner Bros.’ streaming and studios asset would be “the most dangerous media consolidation in American history” and deliver “a monopoly on children’s entertainment” to “the Democrat super-donors that run Netflix.”

Former US Representative Matt Gaetz, who was previously nominated for attorney general by Trump before withdrawing, wrote “TRUMP MUST STOP THIS!” in a post on X shortly after the Netflix deal was announced.

“The most massive content distributor lashing to a massive content producer / catalog will create a homogenized, woke nightmare for the media landscape,” he wrote.

For Hollywood, much of the focus has been on how each deal would impact an industry already facing job losses, production cuts and the threat of artificial intelligence. 

With Netflix co-CEO Ted Sarandos previously deeming the experience of going to a movie theater to be “outdated,” some in the industry are concerned his company’s takeover of Warner Bros.’s streaming business would spell disaster for theater chains and film production. 

Michael O’Leary, CEO of movie theater trade group Cinema United, said in a statement last week that the Netflix deal “poses an unprecedented threat to the global exhibition business.”

“Netflix’s stated business model does not support theatrical exhibition,” he wrote. “In fact, it is the opposite.”

The Producer’s Guild of America urged protection for producers’ livelihoods and theatrical distribution. 

“Our legacy studios are more than content libraries – within their vaults are the character and culture of our nation,” the guild said.

Actress Jane Fonda spoke out against the Netflix deal last week calling it “an alarming escalation of the consolidation that threatens the entire entertainment industry, the democratic public it serves and the First Amendment itself.”

Other creatives commented on how the consolidation might affect consumers. In a skit from Morning Brew’s YouTube Channel Good Work, a movie viewer starts to stream a film at home, only to be barraged by a series of studio logos that include Netflix, Warner Bros., Paramount, HBO, Pixar and the Saudi Arabia Public Investment Fund. The viewer quickly gets bored before grabbing the remote.

“Let’s turn this off,” he says. 



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Hinge’s founder and CEO is stepping down to start a new AI-first dating app

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After more than a decade as CEO of Hinge, Justin McLeod is stepping down to launch another dating app—with an AI twist.

McLeod started Hinge in 2011 and spent more than a decade at the helm, including after Match Group acquired the company in 2019. The company’s president and chief marketing officer, Jackie Jantos, will take over as CEO. 

McLeod’s new dating app, Overtone, plans to use “AI and voice tools to help people connect in a more thoughtful and personal way,” according to a press release. Yet, few further details are known about the venture. 

“We’re not going to talk a lot about [Overtone] quite yet,” McLeod told Fast Company, “except to say that there’s an opportunity to completely reimagine the dating experience and how technology can help facilitate people finding their partner—that breaks the mold of the way current dating apps are designed.”

Overtone started as a project within Hinge, but is now spinning off to operate independently. Still, it will continue to have ties to Match Group, which will lead the company’s first funding round in 2026 and plans to hold a “substantial ownership position.” Match CEO Spencer Rascoff will also sit on the board of directors, while McLeod serves as chairman of the board.

Match Group did not immediately respond to Fortune’s request for comment. 

The new venture comes as dating apps have struggled to maintain users. A 2024 study from Forbes found more than three quarters of dating-app users experienced some sort of “swipe fatigue,” and many said the burnout they experienced was linked to not being able to make genuine connections. 

Some data from the biggest market player, Tinder, dovetails with these sentiments. The app is down more than 1.5 million paying users from its peak in 2022, according to Fast Company. Match Group, which apart from Hinge also owns Tinder, Match.com, and OkCupid, reported a 2% year-over-year revenue increase in its latest quarter, yet Tinder’s paying customers dropped by 7%, according to the Wall Street Journal. To be sure, a bright spot in the company’s third quarter was Hinge, whose paying users increased 17%.

Amid potentially stagnating interest in dating apps, Match Group companies, as well as competitors Bumble and even Facebook Dating, have increasingly turned to AI to try to rekindle users’ interest. Earlier this year, Hinge launched a feature called “prompt feedback” that uses AI to help improve users improve the responses they give to public-facing prompts such as “my happy place.” 

Bumble and Tinder have also both added tools that use AI to analyze users’ photos and present the most appealing. Yet, it’s unclear if users are actually looking for more AI in their dating lives. In a study of 1,000 dating app users by Bloomberg Intelligence, nearly 50% of respondents said they didn’t have problems making a dating profile on their own, without AI.

While McLeod’s new project, Overtone, started within Match Group, he said it made more sense for the new dating app to be an independent company so it could move at the fastest possible pace. During his tenure, Hinge grew from less than $1 million in revenue in 2017 to roughly $400 million by 2023. He told Fast Company he was eager for a fresh challenge and to take the reins once more.

“I’m a founder and CEO at heart,” he said. “There’s a piece of me that wants to be out there on my own, ultimately steering the ship again.”



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