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In a world of crypto and ‘exotic instruments’, traditional exchanges are thinking about how they ‘stay relevant’

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Good morning, Asia editor Nick Gordon, filling in for Allie Garfinkle.

Fortune just wrapped up its Global Forum in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The agenda featured several financial sector luminaries: Barclays CEO C. S. Venkatakrishnan, Standard Chartered CEO Bill Winters, Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire, DBS CEO Tan Su Shan and Bridgewater founder Ray Dalio.

I had to enjoy the Forum remotely this year, due to another mega-event (the APEC CEO Summit in South Korea). But I made sure to tune in to Monday’s mainstage session with Eng. Khalid Abdullah Al Hussan, CEO of the Saudi Tadawul Group; Bonnie Chan, CEO of HKEX; and Bob McCooey, vice chair of Nasdaq.

After a couple of down years, blockbuster IPOs have come back this year. Nasdaq was home to two of the U.S.’s biggest listings this year: CoreWeave and Figma, which raised $1.5 billion and $1.2 billion respectively. Hong Kong’s listings are dwarfing those in the U.S.: battery maker CATL’s secondary listing in the Chinese city is still the year’s largest IPO, raising $5.5 billion back in May. 

The global competition for IPOs can seem cutthroat at times, as exchanges pitch friendly regulations, investor knowledge, and deeper pools of capital to win listings from their competitors. 

But Nasdaq’s McCooey on Monday claimed that he spent a lot of time suggesting that executives look at home first, before looking abroad. 

“I believe that most companies belong in their local markets. I firmly do,” he said. “I don’t go to Hong Kong, China, Tokyo, Singapore, Argentina, and try to convince companies not to list in their local markets, because most companies do belong there.” (Lest one think McCooey was being too charitable, he also said Nasdaq has “the strongest value proposition” for those companies that do decide to list overseas.)

Exchanges aren’t just competing against each other anymore. “The pace of change–on the alternative platforms, on the sophistication of investors–it’s unheard of,” Al Hussan, from Tadawul, said. “I have been in this business for the last 18, 19 years. You wake up every morning, there’s a new channel, there’s a new way of doing things, there’s a new requirement.”

Chan, from HKEX, agreed, noting that budding investors have a lot more options, like cryptocurrency, commodities and other “exotic instruments.”

“We’re entering into a stage where exchanges are not really competing with one another,” she said. “We’re working together with one another to make sure that we all stay relevant.”

Still, Chan can certainly feel secure about her exchange’s prospects. Hong Kong’s stock markets are having a very good 2025 as investors flood into Chinese stocks. The city’s benchmark index, the Hang Seng, is up almost 35% for the year; by comparison, the Nasdaq 100 is up 22% over the same period.

“We went through a phase where there were questions as to the investability of Chinese stocks,” Chan noted Monday. But now, “we were able to see very strong appetite on the investor side,” she explained for companies in AI, semiconductors, green technology, and in what Chan dubbed “new consumption.”

“You know this thing called Labubu?” she asked Fortune’s audience. “I’ve visited a few cities recently–Paris, London–and I always see the Pop Mart store and the lines waiting to get their blind box.”

We’re going to continue the conversation on how the world of finance is changing—along with many other topics–at our next big global event, the Fortune Innovation Forum in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from Nov. 17-18. 

In other newsLightspeed Venture Partners is expanding its brand beyond China. The firm tells Fortune that as of the end of the year, it will discontinue its brand licensing agreement with Lightspeed Capital China. Unlike Sequoia Capital, which spun off its China and India units in 2023, Lightspeed Capital China was always a separate, independently owned operation. Still, the ongoing trade and tech tensions between the U.S. and China are clearly part of the equation. “As we’re increasingly focused on investments in security, defense, and critical infrastructure, even a brand licensing connection could create confusion, so we wanted to make it crystal clear we don’t have any presence in China,” a Lightspeed spokesperson said. Lightspeed will continue to be actively involved in Europe, India, and Southeast Asia.—Alexei Oreskovic

Nick Gordon
X:
@nickrigordon
Email: nicholas.gordon@fortune.com

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VENTURE DEALS

Fireworks AI, a Redwood City, Calif.-based AI inference cloud platform, raised $250 million in Series C funding. Lightspeed Venture Partners, Index Ventures, and Evantic led the round and were joined by Sequoia Capital.

Whatnot, a Los Angeles, Calif.-based live shopping platform, raised $225 million in Series F funding. DST Global and CapitalG led the round and were joined by Sequoia Capital, Alkeon Capital, and others.

Sublime Security, a Washington, D.C.-based email security platform, raised $150 million in Series C funding. Georgian led the round and was joined by Avenir, 01A, Index Ventures, Citi Ventures, and Slow Ventures.

ConductorOne, a San Francisco and Portland, Ore.-based AI-powered identity security platform, raised $79 million in Series B funding. Greycroft led the round and was joined by CrowdStrike Falcon Fund and existing investors.

Curve Biosciences, a San Mateo, Calif.-based developer of an AI-powered platform designed to detect and monitor chronic disease, raised $40 million in funding. Luma Group led the round and was joined by First Spark Ventures, Techas Capital, and others.

Formalize, a Copenhagen, Denmark-based compliance software company, raised €30 million ($35 million) in Series B funding. Action Capital and Blackfin Tech led the round and were joined by CIBC Innovation Banking and West Hill Capital.

Syllo, a New York City-based AI-powered litigation platform, raised $30 million in funding from Venrock, Two Seas Capital, and others.

Cyberridge, a Tel Aviv, Israel-based cybersecurity platform for data security, raised $26 million in funding from Awz, Arkin Capital, Redseed VC, and others.

i6 Group, a Farnborough, U.K.-based aviation fuel management platform, raised $20 million in Series B funding. Yttrium led the round and was joined by existing investors.

Agtonomy, a South San Francisco-based provider of AI and software services designed for agriculture automation, raised $18 million in Series B funding. DBL Partners led the round and was joined by Nuveen and existing investors.

Spacial, a Palo Alto, Calif.-based AI-powered platform designed to automate residential engineering and permitting, raised $10 million in seed funding. TLV Partners led the round and was joined by Mango Capital, Re Angels, and HTV.

Lula Commerce, a Philadelphia, Penn.-based digital commerce solutions platform for convenience retailers, raised $8 million in Series A funding. SEMCAP AI led the round and was joined by Rich Products Ventures, GO PA Fund, NZVC, UP.Partners, and others.

Grasp, a Stockholm, Sweden-based platform designed to automate investment banking and management consulting work, raised $7 million in Series A funding. Octopus Ventures led the round and was joined by Yanno Capital.

Tessaract, a London, U.K.-based legal platform designed to unite case management, billing, finance, and collaboration in one place, raised £4.6 million ($6.1 million) in funding. Mercia Ventures led the round and was joined by Fuel Ventures.

Socratix AI, a San Francisco-based developer of AI agents for fraud and risk teams, raised $4.1 million in seed funding. Pear VC led the round and was joined by Y Combinator, Twenty Two Ventures, and others.

Cylerity, a Madison, Wis.-based AI-powered platform designed to accelerate health care reimbursements, raised $4 million in seed funding. HealthX Ventures led the round and was joined by C2 Ventures, Upstreams Ventures, Wisconsin Investment Partners, and Tundra Angel

Forum AI, a New York City-based platform designed to evaluate how major AI systems handle subjective and high-stakes topics, raised $3 million in seed funding. Lerer Hippeau led the round and was joined by Perplexity AI’s venture fund.

PRIVATE EQUITY

Motive Partners invested $100 million in Electric Mind, a Toronto, Ontario-based business and technology consulting company.

Xceed Foodservice Group, a portfolio company of SF Equity Partners, acquired a majority stake in Stillwater Provisions, a Smithfield, Va.-based food broker. Financial terms were not disclosed.

FUNDS + FUNDS OF FUNDS

GHO Capital, a London, U.K.-based private equity firm, raised €2.5 billion ($2.9 billion) for its fourth fund focused on companies in the technical health care sector.

PEOPLE

Flexpoint Ford, a Chicago, Ill.-based private equity firm, promoted Chris Ackerman to CEO.

Myriad Venture Partners, a New York City-based venture capital firm, hired Sarah Adams as Partner & Head of Platform. She was previously with Cribstone Ventures, a firm she founded.



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On Netflix’s earnings call, co-CEOs can’t quell fears about the Warner Bros. bid

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When it comes to creating irresistible storylines, Netflix, the home of Stranger Things and The Crown, is second to none. And as the streaming video giant delivered its quarterly earnings report on Tuesday, executives were in top storytelling form, pitching what they promise will be a smash hit: the acquisition of Warner Brothers Discovery.

The company’s co-CEOs, Ted Sarandos and Greg Peters, said the deal, which values Warner Brothers Discovery at $83 billion, will accelerate its own core streaming business while helping it expand into TV and the theatrical film business. 

“This is an exciting time in the business. Lots of innovation, lots of competition,” Sarandos enthused on Tuesday’s earnings conference call. Netflix has a history of successful transformation and of pivoting opportunistically, he reminded the audience: Once upon a time, its main business entailed mailing DVDs in red envelopes to customers’ homes. 

Despite Sarandos’ confident delivery, however, the pitch didn’t land with investors. The company’s stock, which was already down 15% since Netflix announced the deal in early December, sank another 4.9% in after-hours trading on Tuesday. 

Netflix’s financial results for the final quarter of 2025 were fine. The company beat EPS expectations by a penny, and said it now has 325 million paid subscribers and a worldwide total audience nearing 1 billion. Its 2026 revenue outlook, of between $50.7 billion and $51.7 billion, was right on target.  

Still, investors are worried that the Warner Bros. deal will force Netflix to compete outside its lane, causing management to lose focus. The fact that Netflix will temporarily halt its share buybacks in order to accumulate cash to help finance the deal, as it disclosed towards the bottom of Tuesday’s shareholder letter, probably didn’t help matters. 

And given that there’s a rival offer for Warner Bros from Paramount Skydance, it’s not unreasonable for investors to worry that Netflix may be forced into an expensive bidding war. (Even though Warner Brothers Discovery has accepted the Netflix offer over Paramount’s, no one believes the story is over—not even Netflix, which updated its $27.75 per share offer to all-cash, instead of stock and cash, hours earlier on Tuesday in order to provide WBD shareholders with “greater value certainty.”) 

Investors are wary; will regulators balk?

Warner Brothers investors are not the only audience that Netflix needs to win over. The deal must be blessed by antitrust regulators—a prospect whose outcome is harder to predict than ever in the Trump administration.

Sarandos and Peters laid out the case Tuesday for why they believe the deal will get through the regulatory process, framing the deal as a boon for American jobs.

“This is going to allow us to significantly expand our production capacity in the U.S. and to keep investing in original content in the long term, which means more opportunities for creative talent and more jobs,” Sarandos said.

Referring to Warner Brothers’ television and film businesses, he added that “these folks have extensive experience and expertise. We want them to stay on and run those businesses. We’re expanding content creation not collapsing it.”

It’s a compelling story. But the co-CEOs may have neglected to study the most important script of all when it comes to getting government approval in the current administration; they forgot to recite the Trump lines. 

The example has been set over the past 12 months by peers such as Nvidia’s Jensen Huang and Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg. The latter, with his company facing various federal regulatory threats, began publicly praising the Trump administration on an earnings call last January. 

And Nvidia’s Huang has already seen real dividends from a similar strategy. The chip company CEO has praised Trump repeatedly on earnings calls, in media interviews, and in conference keynote speeches, calling him “America’s unique advantage” in AI. Since then, the U.S. ban on selling Nvidia’s H200 AI chips to China has been rescinded. The praise may have been coincidental to the outcome, but it certainly didn’t hurt.

In contrast, the president went unmentioned on Tuesday’s call. How significant Netflix’s omission of a Trump call-out turns out to be remains to be seen; maybe it won’t matter at all. But it’s worth noting that its competitor for Warner Bros., Paramount Skydance, is helmed by David Ellison, an outspoken Trump supporter. 

It’s a storyline that Netflix should have seen coming, and itmay still send the company back to rewrite.



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Americans are paying nearly all of the tariff burden as international exports die down, study finds

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After nearly a year of promises tariffs would boost the U.S. economy while other countries footed the bill, a new study shows almost all of the tariff burden is falling on American consumers. 

Americans are paying 96% of the costs of tariffs as prices for goods rise, according to research published Monday by the Kiel Institute for the World Economy, a German think tank. 

In April 2025 when President Donald Trump announced his “Liberation Day” tariffs, he claimed: “For decades, our country has been looted, pillaged, raped, and plundered by nations near and far, both friend and foe alike.” But the report suggests tariffs have actually cost Americans more money.

Trump has long used tariffs as leverage in non-trade political disputes. Over the weekend, Trump renewed his trade war in Europe after Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Finland sent troops for training exercises in Greenland. The countries will be hit with a 10% tariff starting on Feb. 1 that is set to rise to 25% on June 1, if a deal for the U.S. to buy Greenland is not reached. 

On Monday, Trump threatened a 200% tariff on French wine, after French President Emmanuel Macron refused to join Trump’s “Board of Peace” for Gaza, which has a $1 billion buy-in for permanent membership. 

“The claim that foreign countries pay these tariffs is a myth,” wrote Julian Hinz, research director at the Kiel Institute and an author of the study. “The data show the opposite: Americans are footing the bill.” 

The research shows export prices stayed the same, but the volume has collapsed. After imposing a 50% tariff on India in August, exports to the U.S. dropped 18% to 24%, compared to the European Union, Canada, and Australia. Exporters are redirecting sales to other markets, so they don’t need to cut sales or prices, according to the study.

“There is no such thing as foreigners transferring wealth to the U.S. in the form of tariffs,” Hinz told The Wall Street Journal

For the study, Hinz and his team analyzed more than 25 million shipment records between January 2024 through November 2025 that were worth nearly $4 trillion.They found exporters absorbed just 4% of the tariff burden and American importers are largely passing on the costs to consumers. 

Tariffs have increased customs revenue by $200 billion, but nearly all of that comes from American consumers. The study’s authors likened this to a consumption tax as wealth transfers from consumers and businesses to the U.S. Treasury.   

Trump has also repeatedly claimed tariffs would boost American manufacturing, butthe economy has shown declines in manufacturing jobs every month since April 2025, losing 60,000 manufacturing jobs between Liberation Day and November. 

The Supreme Court was expected to rule as soon as today on whether Trump’s use of emergency powers to levy tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act was legal. The court initially announced they planned to rule last week and gave no explanation for the delay. 

Although justices appeared skeptical of the administration’s authority during oral arguments in November, economists predict the Trump administration will find alternative ways to keep the tariffs.



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Selling America is a ‘dangerous bet,’ UBS CEO warns as markets panic

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Investors are “selling America” in spades Tuesday: The 10-year Treasury yield is at its highest point since August; the U.S. dollar slid; and the traditional safe-haven metal investments—gold and silver—surged once again to record highs.

The CEO of UBS Group, the world’s largest private bank, thinks this market is making a “dangerous bet.”

“Diversifying away from America is impossible,” UBS Group CEO Sergio Ermotti told Bloomberg in a television interview at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, on Tuesday. “Things can change rapidly, and the U.S. is the strongest economy in the world, the one who has the highest level of innovation right now.” 

The catalyst for the selloff was fresh escalation from U.S. President Donald Trump, who has threatened a 10% tariff on eight European allies—including Germany, France, and the U.K.—unless they cede to his demands to acquire Greenland.

Trump also threatened a 200% tariff on French wine and Champagne to pressure French President Emmanuel Macron to join his Board of Peace. Trump’s favorite “Mr. Tariff” is back, and bond investors are unhappy with the volatility.

But if investors keep getting caught up in the volatility of day-to-day politics and shun the U.S., they’ll miss the forest for the trees, Ermotti argued. While admitting the current environment is “bumpy,” he pointed to a statistic: Last year alone, the U.S. created 25 million new millionaires. For a wealth manager like UBS, that is 1,000 new millionaires a day. To shun that level of innovation in U.S. equities for gold would be a reactionary move that ignores the long-term innovation of the U.S. economy. 

“We see two big levers: First of all, wealth creation, GDP growth, innovation, and also more idiosyncratic to UBS is that we see potential for us to become more present, increase our market share,” Ermotti said. 

But if something doesn’t give in the standoff between the European Union and Trump, there could be potential further de-dollarization, this time, from Europe selling its U.S. bonds, George Saravelos, head of FX research at Deutsche Bank, wrote in a note Sunday. Indeed, on Tuesday, Danish pension funds sold $100 million in U.S. Treasuries, allegedly owing to “poor” U.S. finances, though the pension fund’s chief said of the debacle over Greenland: “Of course, that didn’t make it more difficult to take the decision.” 

Europe owns twice as many U.S. bonds and equities as the rest of the world combined. If the rest of Europe follows Denmark’s lead, that could be an $8 trillion market at risk, Saravelos argued. 

“In an environment where the geo-economic stability of the Western alliance is being disrupted existentially, it is not clear why Europeans would be as willing to play this part,” he wrote. 

Back in the U.S., the markets also sold off as the Nasdaq and S&P both fell 2% Tuesday, already shedding the entirety of Greenland’s value on Trump’s threats, University of Michigan economist Justin Wolfers noted. Analysts and investors are uneasy, given the history of Trump declaring a stark tariff before negotiating with the country to take it down, also known as the “TACO”—Trump always chickens out—effect. Investors have been “burnt before by overreacting to tariff threats,” Jim Reid of Deutsche Bank noted. That’s a similar stance to the UBS bank chief: If you react too much to headlines, you’ll miss the great innovation that’s pushed the stock market to record highs for the past three years.

“I wouldn’t really bet against the U.S.,” he said.



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