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America will see its largest mass resignation in history as 100,000 federal workers are set to quit their jobs today

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Today, America will experience its largest mass resignation in history, as 100,000 federal workers are set to formally quit their jobs. It’s a result of the Trump administration’s “fork in the road” Deferred Resignation Program (DRP) that staffers have taken up over previous months, who were allowed to transfer their workload and go on administrative leave until the official end date of federal service on September 30 2025. 

The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) tells Fortune that about 154,000 federal workers in total took the deal, with the majority leaving today and others exiting by the end of year. 

It claims that the large-scale cut will save about $28 billion annually by lowering long-term spending. OPM spokesperson McLaurine Pinover tells Fortune that the administration delivered on its end of the employment bargain, and that no previous administration has been “even close to saving American taxpayers this amount of money in such a short amount of time.” A Senate analysis from July reports that the DRP program was set to cost $14.8 billion to pay the wages and benefits of around 200,000 federal workers taking up to eight months of leave.

“Ultimately, the deferred resignation program was not only legal, it provided over 150,000 civil servants a dignified and generous departure from the federal government. It also delivered incredible relief to the American taxpayer,” Pinover says. 

The resignations are taking effect as Congress faces a deadline today to authorize more funding, or risk a U.S. government shutdown. If no deal is reached, then the White House has instructed federal agencies—already rocked by Elon Musk’s DOGE layoffs since January—to make way for even larger cuts. 

This year’s decline of 300,000 federal workers—a stark contrast to white-collar employees ‘job-hugging’

The U.S. federal workforce has been shrinking since President Trump retook office this January. His administration has been adamant on reducing inefficiencies, setting up the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) helmed by Tesla CEO Musk, which originally promised to oversee an elimination of $2 trillion in government waste, fraud, and abuse. Musk later reassessed his estimate down to $150 billion. 

In February, two million U.S. government employees received an email from OPM detailing options for them to resign. The message was titled “a fork in the road”—a term tied to the DRP plan; The same subject line Musk sent out to workers when he took over the social media platform Twitter, now called “X.” The message to federal staffers offered employees the option to step down and receive payment through the end of September, when the resignation goes into effect. In the meantime, virtually all USAID employees were laid off, after thousands had already been let go due to the administration’s foreign aid freeze. 

But USAID wasn’t the only government agency that was hit by layoffs. Workers in DEI-related roles were also put on paid leave to eventually be let go, and Musk also targeted the Treasury Department. The Partnership of Public Service estimated that DOGE could cost taxpayers roughly $135 billion to fire, re-hire, and put employees on leave. In just the first five months of this year, the federal government was slimmed down by about 59,000 employees, and there’s a collective estimate that there will be about 300,000 fewer government workers by the end of this year. It’s the biggest federal workforce reduction in a single year since WWII. This includes a combination of laid-off employees, probationary staffers, alongside those who took the resignation deal. 

The mass resignation is in stark contrast to white-collar employees “job-hugging,” but their willingness to leave may be in part to the corroding work atmosphere at federal agencies. Since DOGE’s swift job cuts, government staffers have described an environment of “fear” and “madness,” with one employee at the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) telling The Guardian that the buyout emails were “clearly designed to disturb and scare people, among all of the things they actually say, which are clear threats.” For some, choosing to resign was an option to not prolong the anxiety of a probable firing, while being able to take advantage of the deal and look for private-sector work.

“I am concerned we will all be mass fired,” a U.S. Department of Transportation staffer, who was put on a probationary term appointment, told The Guardian in February. “Teams would be hobbled and gutted. It would be like closing your eyes and randomly throwing acid on a flower garden. You would just have dead spots, and no planning for which ones.”

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Botched baton passes show why AI needs trust, Blackbaud exec says

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The U.S. Olympic men’s and women’s sprinting teams have won more gold medals than any other country in history, but the men’s 4×100-meter relay team has suffered four blistering defeats in the past two decades. Why? An absolute whiff at the critical point when a runner has to instinctively reach back and trust their squadmate enough to perfectly place the baton in their hand.  

Sudip Datta, chief product officer at AI-powered software firm Blackbaud, said that image captures exactly what’s taking place in AI today. Companies are advancing swiftly to build the fastest and most powerful systems they can, but there’s a severe lack of trust between the technology and the people using it, causing any new innovation or efficiencies to completely fumble at the handoff. 

“How many times did the U.S. have the fastest athletes, but ended up losing the 4×100 relay?” Datta asked an expert roundtable audience at Fortune’s Brainstorm AI event in San Francisco this week. “Because the trust was not there, where the runner would blindly take it from someone who is passing the baton.”

Datta said the reflexive reach backward on faith alone is what will separate the winners from the losers in AI adoption. And a major challenge looming in building trust is that a lot of companies today treat trust-building as a compliance burden that slows everything down. The opposite is true, he told the Brainstorm AI audience. 

“Trust is actually a revenue driver,” said Datta. “It’s an enabler because it propels further innovation, because the more customers trust us, we can accelerate on that innovation journey.”

Scott Howe, president and CEO of data collaboration network LiveRamp, outlined five conditions that need to be met in order to build trust. Regulation has done a reasonable job in setting up the first two but “we still have a long way to go” on the remaining three, he said. The five conditions include: Transparency into how your data is going to be used; control over your data; an exchange of value for personal data; data portability; and finally, interoperability. Regulations including the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) have secured some minimal progress but Howe said most people don’t “get nearly fair value for the data we contribute.”

“Instead, really big companies, some of whom are speaking on stage today, have scraped the value and made a ton of money,” said Howe. “And then the last two, as an industry and as businesses, we are nowhere on.”

Owning the data

In Howe’s vision of the future, he sees data being viewed as a property right and people being entitled to fair compensation for its use. 

“The LLMs don’t own my data,” said Howe, referring to large language models. “I should own my data and so I should be able to take it from Amazon to Google, and from Google to Walmart if I want, and it should travel with me,”

However, major tech companies are actively resisting portability and interoperability, which has created data silos that entomb customers in their current ecosystems, said Howe. 

Beyond personal data and potential consumer rights issues, the trust challenge takes on a different shape inside various companies, and each has to decide what their own AI systems can safely access and which tasks can be completed autonomously. 

Spencer Beemiller, innovation officer at software company ServiceNow, said the firm’s customers are trying to determine which AI systems can operate without human oversight, a question that remains largely unanswered. He said ServiceNow helps organizations track their AI agents the same way they’ve historically monitored infrastructure by tracking what the systems are doing, what they have access to, and their lifecycle. 

“We’re trying to get a little bit of a grasp on helping our customers determine what points actually matter to create that autonomous decision making,” Beemiller said. 

Issues like hallucinations, where an AI system will confidently provide made-up or inaccurate information in response to a question, require significant risk mitigation processes, he said. ServiceNow approaches it by using what Beemiller called “orchestration layers,” in which queries are directed to specialized models. Small language models handle enterprise-specific tasks that require more precision, while larger models manage natural conversational items, he said. 

“So it’s a little bit of a ‘Yes, and’ conversation of certain agent components will talk to specific models that are only trained on internal data,” he said. “Others called up from the orchestration layer will abstract to a larger model to be able to answer the problem.”

Still, many fundamental issues remain unresolved, including questions about cybersecurity, critical infrastructure, and the potentially catastrophic consequences that could stem from AI errors. And even more so than in other areas of tech, there’s an inherent tension between moving fast and getting it right.

“If we can win the trust, speed follows,” Datta said. “It’s not about only running fast, but also having trust along the way.”

Read more from Brainstorm AI:

Cursor developed an internal AI help desk that handles 80% of its employees’ support tickets, says the $29 billion startup’s CEO

AI is already taking over managers’ busywork—and it’s forcing companies to reset expectations

OpenAI COO Brad Lightcap says ‘code red’ will force the company to focus, as the ChatGPT maker ramps up enterprise push



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DOGE isn’t dead—it’s been absorbed into the bloodstream of the government, federal employees say

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DOGE may no longer be helmed by Elon Musk or even considered an official government entity anymore, but the reports of its death are greatly exaggerated. The special advisory intended to eliminate government “waste, fraud, and abuse,” is still up to something, two federal employees told Fortune.

Last month, Office of Personnel Management Director Scott Kupor told Reutersthat DOGE “doesn’t exist,” and is no longer a “centralized entity.” According to an executive order signed on President Donald Trump’s first day in office, DOGE as a temporary organization had been scheduled to end on July 4, 2026, suggesting the agency disbanded about eight months ahead of schedule.

Kupor later clarified DOGE’s current role in the federal government in an X post, saying, “The truth is: DOGE may not have centralized leadership under the [U.S. DOGE Service] But, the principles of DOGE remain alive and well: de-regulation; eliminating fraud, waste and abuse; re-shaping the federal workforce; making efficiency a first-class citizen.”

Federal employees interviewed by Fortune, who spoke on the condition of anonymity as they are not authorized to speak to the press, said it was not apparent to them that DOGE had been disbanded.

An Internal Revenue Services (IRS) employee told Fortune that DOGE “became a shell company” as more and more operatives from the temporary group became tangled in the oversight of individual government agencies.

“It’s like taking the dust jacket off of the book and saying, ‘We’ve got rid of the book,’” he said.

DOGE is still barking

The IRS employee confirmed to Fortune that the agency has been administering “coding tests” over the last few weeks, first reported by Wired, an addition to mandatory training required for certain employees. Per Wired, the tests were a directive from the Treasury Department’s chief information officer and DOGE operative Sam Corcos, and were administered through HackerRank, a tool used by private sector tech companies to assess coding and programming skills of prospective hires.

“The business case could be made that you want people who know their job thoroughly,” the IRS employee told Fortune of the purpose of the tests. “However, given the treatment that we’ve received over the past eight, nine months, I would say it’s more of another screening out of more people.”

Court documents from October indicate the Treasury Department has terminated approximately 1,446 employees since the start to Trump’s second term.

A National Institutes of Health (NIH) employee told Fortune the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), which oversees the NIH, still has plenty of DOGE personnel, though they are now employees of the agency. Amy Gleason, whom Trump named acting administrator of DOGE, was appointed as an expert/consultant to the HHS’s Office of the Secretary in March. 

The HHS likewise lists Clark Minor, DOGE operative and former Palantir software engineer, as the agency’s chief information officer and acting chief artificial intelligence officer. The agency announced earlier this month a Minor-led effort to integrate AI the HHS’s internal operations and research, in order to fulfill a directive from the Office of Management and Budget led by director and DOGE partner Russell Vought, to integrate technology for “improving internal operations, efficiency, and federal use.”

The NIH and IRS did not respond to Fortune’s requests for comment.

DOGE’s lasting impact

DOGE’s sweeping changes have continued to impact the government’s productivity. For the IRS, December is usually a quiet month, when taxpayer call volumes are so low the agency’s servers can be shut down for routine maintenance, the agency employee said. This year, however, offices are so short-staffed as a result of DOGE-led layoffs that employees have been overwhelmed balancing taking calls with their other responsibilities. The IRS employee said his office has one-third of the workers it had about a year ago.

“This is going to be probably the roughest filing season we’ve had since the pandemic,” he said.

He said ongoing burnout from increased workloads has the potential to impact the quality of internal reviews.

“When we look back historically, we’re going to see that the gutting of the bureaucracy that keeps the government running, that keeps the country functional, will be the trigger that collapses America,” the employee said.

Musk, who was DOGE’s de facto leader as a special government employee earlier this year, had his own reservations about the group’s effectiveness. In an interview with conservative influencer Katie Miller, Musk said DOGE was only “somewhat successful,” claiming it saved the government between $100 billion and $200 billion in annual “zombie payments,” or spending on expired programs.

When Miller asked if Musk would go back and run DOGE all over again, Musk said, “I don’t think so.”

“Instead of doing DOGE, I would have, basically…worked on my companies,” he said.

If you’re a federal worker with a tip, or if you’d like to share your experience, please contact Sasha Rogelberg on Signal @sashrogel.13.



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Apple CEO Tim Cook out-earns the average American’s salary in just 7 hours—to put that into context, he could buy a new $439,000 home in 2 days

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While Americans are monitoring their grocery budgets and delaying major life purchases, their employers are being awarded record-breaking salaries. Some of the highest-paid CEOs can watch the annual wage of a U.S. worker hit their bank accounts over the span of just hours. Take Apple’s Tim Cook, for example, he outearns the average American in less than a day’s work.

Apple, now a $4.1 trillion technology behemoth, has come a long way since its public debut 45 years ago. Under Cook’s leadership, it has become the second most valuable company on the planet—and his compensation reflects it. 

Cook’s annual compensation grew to $74.6 million in 2024, an 18% increase from $63.2 million the year before. His eye-watering honeypot is comprised of $58.1 million in stock awards, $12 million in non-equity incentive plan pay, and $1.5 million in other compensation. 

And even though he’s one of the highest-paid chief executives in the world today, his current paycheck is a far cry from what he once earned. In 2022, Cook received nearly $100 million, largely due to stock awards, but his pay dropped the next year following backlash from Apple staffers and shareholders.

And when compared to the paycheck of everyday Americans, the difference is severe. With his $74.6 million package, it only takes around seven hours for Cook to outearn the typical U.S. worker—who takes home just $62,088 a year, according to 2025 first quarter wage data from the BLS. 

Within the 30 minutes it takes most people to commute to the office, Cook is already $4,256 richer—more than what most Americans have set aside as emergency savings

While it may take decades for Americans to save for a home, the Apple CEO can afford it after just one weekend. It only takes 2.15 days for Cook to pool up $439,000 in earnings, the median price of a U.S. home, according to a new CEO salary tool from Resume.io

Even buying his own company’s products—which are luxuries for most, priced in the thousands—barely registers as an expense. In just over 21 minutes, Cook has made enough to buy a $3,000 MacBook Pro; and in less than eight minutes, he can score an $1,100 iPhone Pro 17. 

America’s highest-paid CEOs—and how Cook compares

Cook is one of the highest paid CEOs in the U.S. but he’s not the only one making headlines for his extreme paycheck. 

Tesla leader and world’s richest person Elon Musk just secured a $1 trillion pay package following a heated back-and-forth with advisory firms imploring shareholders to reject the outlandish compensation. It was an unprecedented approval that spurred criticism on the growing wealth divide between the world’s have and have-nots

Musk is just one of many CEOs with a spotlight on their bank accounts. In 2024 the highest-paid CEO leading a large, billion-dollar public U.S. company was Rick Smith. The chief executive of $45.5 billion defense-tech company Axon took home $164.5 million, according to an analysis from executive compensation consulting firm Equilar. 

Smith’s followed by Jim Anderson, the CEO of Coherent, who raked in $101.5 million last year. Meanwhile, StarbucksBrian Niccolmade $95.8 million, GE Aerospace’s Larry Culp took home $87.4 million, and Ares Management’s Michael Arougheti followed in fifth with $85.4 million. On that list, Cook was the seventh highest-paid CEO, right below Microsoft leader Satya Nadella boasting $79.1 million.

There are, of course, other CEOs steering private companies (that don’t need to disclose their CEO’s salaries) who are bringing home eight-figure salaries too. And aside from direct compensation, it’s not uncommon for leaders to enjoy billion-dollar gains from their investments. 

In October, LVMH CEO Bernard Arnaultsaw his wealth skyrocket $19 billion overnight following the business’ breakout earnings report. And the month before, then-Oracle chief executive Safra Catz’s wealth jumped by over $400 million to $3.4 billion in just six hours thanks to the tech company’s breakout year, according toForbes.

America’s widening income inequality 

The U.S. is home to the most billionaires in the world, and the country’s changing wealth dynamics are not lost on those living paycheck-to-paycheck. The after-tax wages of Americans in the lowest-income group grew just 1.3% year-over-year this July, down from 1.6% in the month before, according to the Bank of America Institute. 

Meanwhile, higher-income wages swelled to 3.2% during the same period—the third consecutive monthly increase. This change marks the widest wealth divide between lower- and upper-income households in four years.

“In some sense, we had an improvement in lower-income wage growth since the pandemic, and now that’s gone into reverse,” David Tinsley, senior economist for the Bank of America Institute, told Fortune this August. “There was a narrowing of wealth inequality, and now it’s widening.”

Even the Americans making enough to be considered “rich” are delaying major life purchases. 

About 47% of six-figure earners are setting back their dream vacations and travel, 31% are stalling on home renovations, and 26% are delaying buying or leasing a new car, according to a 2025 report from Clarify Capital. 

Achieving the American Dream of owning a home with a white-picket fence is on pause for now, too; about 17% are delaying buying a house, and 6% are even delaying getting married.



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